Mir’s first module, (DOS-7)](https://historicspacecraft.com/Mir.html), was launched Feb. 20, 1986, and the final module, Priroda, was launched and added to Mir in April 1996. Throughout its nearly 15 years of service, Mir enabled an unprecedented stretch of a steady human presence in space for nearly 10 years, ultimately being surpassed by the ISS. Over the course of Mir’s life, cosmonauts carried out roughly 23,000 scientific and medical experiments.
When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, one cosmonaut, Sergei Krikalev, was quickly stranded aboard Mir following the collapse. And whereas Mir survived a number of years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the development of the ISS mixed with ongoing failures all through the station compelled Russia to ultimately retire it, performing a managed reentry into Earth’s environment on March 23, 2001, disintegrating the record-setting space station.
Russia Area Shuttle Program
The Soviet Union tried to construct its personal reusable space shuttle system with Buran (the shuttle) and Energia (the launch automobile) through the Nineteen Eighties. Buran solely carried out one flight, whereas Energia solely carried out two flights.
Finances constraints coupled with the collapse of the Soviet Union in the end led to the cancellation of each Buran and Energia.
Worldwide Area Station
Whereas Mir was final inhabited by people in April 2000, a Soyuz spacecraft, Soyuz TM-31, efficiently delivered Expedition 1 to the ISS in October that very same yr. This served because the 84th launch of a Soyuz craft.
Since that point, the Soyuz has efficiently visited the ISS a total of 61 instances. Over that span, just one launch noticed a significant malfunction. Soyuz MS-10, which lifted off Oct. 11, 2018, skilled a booster failure that led to an emergency abort. Fortuitously, the entire crew survived the ordeal.
