Utilizing ESA’s XMM-Newton satellite and the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR), a group of European astronomers has explored a galaxy cluster referred to as PSZ2G113.91-37.01 (or G113 for brief). Outcomes of the observational marketing campaign, offered in a paper revealed October 5 on the pre-print server arXiv, shed extra mild on the properties and nature of this cluster.
Galaxy clusters include as much as hundreds of galaxies sure collectively by gravity. They kind by way of accretion of mass and infall of smaller sub-structures and are the biggest recognized gravitationally-bound constructions within the universe. Due to this fact, they might function wonderful laboratories for learning galaxy evolution and cosmology.
Found in 1999, G113 is a galaxy cluster at a redshift of 0.371. It has a mass of about 758 trillion solar masses, a radius of roughly 4 million light years, and is understood to host a radio halo and two radio relics. G113 is a poorly studied cluster that has not been but noticed by any main X-ray satellite.
A bunch of astronomers led by Maria Giulia Campitiello of the College of Bologna in Italy, determined to vary this. They investigated G113 in X-rays as a part of the Cluster HEritage undertaking with XMM-Newton: Mass Meeting and Thermodynamics on the Endpoint of construction formation (CHEX-MATE). Their examine was complemented by pictures from the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey-Information launch 2 (LoTSS-DR2).
The observations discovered that G113 is present process a merger alongside the north-south axis and confirmed the presence of radio halo within the central area and two radio relics. The relics turned out to be perpendicular to the merger axis—one is positioned within the northern and one within the southern area.
Based mostly on the X-ray knowledge, the astronomers recognized a floor brightness discontinuity within the northern area of G113. Additional evaluation of this discontinuity allowed them to categorise it as a chilly entrance. Furthermore, the temperature map additionally revealed the presence of one other chilly area, positioned within the southern a part of the cluster.
The examine discovered that the halo area has a imply spectral index worth of roughly -1.15, and an related normal deviation of 0.23. The outcomes additionally recommend a flattening of the spectral profile within the northern entrance of the northern relic—what could also be attributable to particles accelerated by a shock that’s shifting outwards.
Moreover, the researchers carried out a point-to-point evaluation of the X-ray and radio emission each within the halo and within the northern relic areas of G113, discovering a robust correlation for the halo and an anti-correlation for the relic. The discovering is in step with earlier research.
Summing up the outcomes, the authors of the paper suggest additional observations so as to decide the physical processes that originate this correlation and anti-correlation.
Extra data:
M. G. Campitiello et al, A mixed LOFAR and XMM-Newton evaluation of the disturbed cluster PSZ2G113.91-37.01, arXiv (2023). DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2310.03645
Journal data:
arXiv
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European astronomers discover galaxy cluster G113 (2023, October 12)
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