SN 2019odp is a massive oxygen-rich Type Ib supernova, study finds

A world workforce of astronomers has performed follow-up photometric and spectroscopic observations of a supernova designated SN 2019odp. Outcomes of the observational marketing campaign, revealed March 24 on the arXiv pre-print server, point out that SN 2019odp is an enormous and oxygen-rich supernova of Sort Ib.

Supernovae (SNe) are highly effective and luminous stellar explosions. They’re necessary for the scientific community as they provide important clues into the evolution of stars and galaxies. Basically, SNe are divided into two teams based mostly on their atomic spectra: Sort I and Sort II. Sort I SNe lack hydrogen of their spectra, whereas these of Sort II showcase spectral traces of hydrogen.

Sort Ib supernovae (SNe Ib) are a subclass of stripped-envelope core-collapse SNe. They’re shaped when an enormous star, with its outer envelope of hydrogen stripped away, collapses beneath its personal gravity. SNe Ib might be essential to enhance our understanding of the evolution of huge stars, post-explosion interplay, and properties of ensuing supernovae. The presence of helium additional distinguishes between the helium-rich Sort Ib SNe and the helium-poor Sort Ic.

SN 2019odp, often known as ZTF19abqwtfu, was found on August 21, 2019, as a part of the Zwicky Transient Facility survey (ZTF). The supernova is situated some 208 million light years away, within the spiral galaxy UGC 12373. Shortly after its discovery SN 2019odp was initially labeled as a Sort Ic-BL (broad-lined) supernova as a part of the ePESSTO+ survey.

Now, new observations made by a gaggle of astronomers led by Tassilo Schweyer of Stockholm College in Sweden counsel that SN 2019odp needs to be reclassified as a Sort Ib supernova.

“We current and analyze observations of the Sort Ib supernova (SN) 2019odp (a.okay.a. ZTF19abqwtfu) overlaying epochs inside days of the explosion to the nebular phase at 360 d post-explosion. … Our observations embrace photometric observations primarily within the optical and low to medium-resolution spectroscopic observations overlaying the whole observable time-range. We increase on present strategies to derive oxygen mass estimates from nebular phase spectroscopy,” the researchers wrote within the paper.

The observations detected the presence of helium within the ejecta of SN 2019odp, what suggests the Sort Ib nature. Furthermore, the spectra showcase traces with a lot smaller line widths than sometimes related to Sort Ic-BL supernovae, additional supporting the Sort Ib situation.

Nevertheless, the pre-peak spectra of SN 2019odp have nice spectral similarity to Sort Ic-BL supernovae in addition to different transitional SNe. This, in accordance with the astronomers, might counsel a typical situation for all these supernovae early on.

The research additionally discovered that SN 2019odp is a high-mass oxygen-rich supernova as its ejecta mass was estimated to be 4–7 solar masses and its oxygen mass was calculated to be at the least 0.5 solar plenty. Due to this fact, the outcomes level to a progenitor, almost definitely a Wolf-Rayet star with a pre-explosion mass greater than 18 solar plenty.

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